远程yum源配置学习

李霞

2022-10-19 14:28:52

1826 Linux系统 python

在配置yum前首先得说说rpm，在redhat和centos linux系统上，rpm作为软件包管理工具，可以方便的安装、查询、卸载软件包。常见命令如下：

#安装：rpm-ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm#卸载：rpm-e jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm#升级：rpm-Uvh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm#查询软件的安装路径：rpm-ql yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch#查询所有安装的包：rpm-qa#查询某个文件是哪个rpm包产生：rpm-qf /var/lib/yum/yumdb

但是在多个包组成的rpm包用rpm命令安装时，其依赖包问题是超级繁琐的。

yum是redhat和centos的软件包管理工具，安装软件包时可以在网上远程仓库或者本地自动下载所有依赖包，解决了rpm的痛点。今天主要学习下远程yum源配置。由于redhat 自带的 yum 源是需要注册收费才能更新下载软件的，如果没有注册就使用，则会报下面的错误：

ThissystemisnotregisteredtoRed HatSubscriptionManagement. You can usesubscription-managertoregister.

所以我们需要把yum源修改为centos的源。

查看自带yum：

rpm-qa | grep yum

卸载自带yum：

rpm-qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

查看系统版本：

cat/etc/redhat-release

下载安装软件包：

#下载链接http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/#需要下载以下三个rpm包：yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpmyum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpmyum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

执行以下安装命令报错，依赖包的版本不符：

#执行yum安装rpm-ivh yum*

这里升级python-urlgrabber和rpm包版本：

#升级rpm包到：rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpmpython-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm#下载wgethttp://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpmwgethttp://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm#升级rpm-Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodepsrpm-Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps

然后安装：

新建配置文件：

vim/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

加入以下配置：

#CentOS-Base.repo## The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.## If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the# remarked out baseurl= line instead.##[base]name=CentOS-$7- Base -163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=osbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates[updates]name=CentOS-$7- Updates -163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updatesbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that may be useful[extras]name=CentOS-$7- Extras -163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extrasbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages[centosplus]name=CentOS-$7- Plus -163.combaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7