倚天710性能监控—DDR PMU子系统
1. 倚天710的DDR5子系统
倚天710支持支持最先进的DDR5 DRAM，为云计算和HPC提供巨大的内存带宽。倚天710有8 DDR5通道（channel），每个Die上有4个。每个通道相互独立地服务系统的内存请求，分别支持用于1DPC（DIMM Per Channel）的DDR5-4400和2DPC的DDR5-4000。
1.2 DDR5 Architecture
DDR5的一个主要变化是新的DIMM通道结构（Fig 2中Channel Architecture）。DDR4 DIMM的总线位宽为72比特，由64比特数据位和8比特ECC位组成。DDR5的每个DIMM有两个独立的子通道。两个通道中的总线位宽都为40比特：32比特的数据位和8比特的ECC位。尽管DDR4和DDR5的数据位宽相同（总共64比特），但两个独立通道可以提高内存访问效率并减少延迟。单通道单次任务只能读或写，双通道的DDR5则读写可以同时进行。
1.2 DDR5 理论带宽
倚天2DPC的DDR5-4000的理论带宽为：
- 4000MHz *32bit / 8 *8 *2 = 128 *10^9 *2 bytes = 128GB/s *2= 256 GB/s
- 内存等效频率（4000MHz）_ 子通道位宽（32 bit）/ 8 _ 子通道数（8）* Die （2）
注意GB和GiB的不同：
- 1 GB = 1000000000 bytes (= 1000^3 B = 10^9 B)
- 1 GiB = 1073741824 bytes (= 1024^3 B = 2^30 B).
2. 倚天710 DDRSS PMU
倚天710的DDRSS为每个子通道都实现了独立的PMU，用于性能和功能调试，每个子通道的PMU包含16个通用计数器。
带宽计算公式为：
- DRAM Read Bandwidth = perf_hif_rd *DDRC_WIDTH *DDRC_Freq / DDRC_Cycle
- DRAM Write Bandwidth = (perf_hif_wr + perf_hif_rmw) *DDRC_WIDTH *DDRC_Freq / DDRC_Cycle
- DDRC_WIDTH: Units of 64 bytes
3. Cloud-kernel对DDRSS PMU的支持
#lscpu
Architecture: aarch64
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 128
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-127
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 128
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 2
...
测试环境为1个Socket，2个Die，包含两个NUMA node。
#numactl -H
available: 2 nodes (0-1)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
node 0 size: 257416 MB
node 0 free: 187991 MB
node 1 cpus: 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
node 1 size: 257014 MB
node 1 free: 194504 MB
node distances:
node 0 1
0: 10 15
1: 15 10
每个NUMA node有 256 GB内存。
#dmidecode|grep -P -A5 "Memorys+Device"|grep Size|grep -v Range
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: 32 GB
Size: No Module Installed
...
#dmidecode -t memory | grep Speed:
Speed: 4000 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 4000 MHz
2DPC，共插了16根DIMM，每个Die8根DIMM，有效频率为 4000MHz。
#ls /sys/bus/event_source/devices/ | grep drw
ali_drw_21000
ali_drw_21080
ali_drw_23000
ali_drw_23080
ali_drw_25000
ali_drw_25080
ali_drw_27000
ali_drw_27080
ali_drw_40021000
ali_drw_40021080
ali_drw_40023000
ali_drw_40023080
ali_drw_40025000
ali_drw_40025080
ali_drw_40027000
ali_drw_40027080
2DPC满插时一共16个PMU设备，其中ali_drw_21000与ali_drw_21080为Die 0上同一个DIMM的两个子通道，ali_drw_2X000为Die 0的PMU设备，ali_drw_4002X000为Die 1的PMU设备。
4. DDR 带宽准确性验证
4.1 TL;DR
带宽单位：MB/s
可以看到，DDR PMU的带宽统计误差不超过 1%。测试原理，请阅读《倚天710性能监控 —— CMN Flit Traffic Trace with Watchpoint Event》。
4.2 C0M0 rd
# First, run bw_mem as backgroud workload
# numactl --cpubind=0 --membind=0 ./bw_mem 40960M rd
# Then run perf command in another console
perf stat -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_cycle/ -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
12398 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_wr/
40160751 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rd/
743 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rmw/
500620725 ali_drw_21000/perf_cycle/
12252 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_wr/
40161013 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rd/
767 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rmw/
500619340 ali_drw_21080/perf_cycle/
11960 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_wr/
40159522 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rd/
737 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rmw/
500613505 ali_drw_23000/perf_cycle/
12044 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_wr/
40159066 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rd/
773 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rmw/
500607620 ali_drw_23080/perf_cycle/
12698 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_wr/
40160138 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rd/
709 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rmw/
500601240 ali_drw_25000/perf_cycle/
12521 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_wr/
40160169 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rd/
727 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rmw/
500594755 ali_drw_25080/perf_cycle/
12171 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_wr/
40159404 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rd/
706 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rmw/
500589945 ali_drw_27000/perf_cycle/
12290 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_wr/
40157620 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rd/
710 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rmw/
500583305 ali_drw_27080/perf_cycle/
1.000923276 seconds time elapsed
>>> 40159522*8*64/1000/1000.0
20561.675
# set CPU and memory to the same NUMA node
numactl --cpubind=0 --membind=0 ./bw_mem 40960M rd
40960.00 20507.82
4.3 C1M1 rd
# First, run bw_mem as backgroud workload
# numactl --cpubind=1 --membind=1 ./bw_mem 40960M rd
# Then run perf command in another console
perf stat -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_cycle/ -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
2329 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_wr/
40071983 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rd/
58 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rmw/
500572165 ali_drw_40021000/perf_cycle/
2374 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_wr/
40071737 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rd/
39 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rmw/
500569615 ali_drw_40021080/perf_cycle/
2330 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_wr/
40071063 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rd/
74 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rmw/
500565635 ali_drw_40023000/perf_cycle/
2372 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_wr/
40070344 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rd/
54 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rmw/
500561355 ali_drw_40023080/perf_cycle/
2362 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_wr/
40070906 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rd/
45 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rmw/
500557480 ali_drw_40025000/perf_cycle/
2385 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_wr/
40070168 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rd/
46 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rmw/
500552550 ali_drw_40025080/perf_cycle/
2333 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_wr/
40069233 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rd/
28 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rmw/
500548745 ali_drw_40027000/perf_cycle/
2211 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_wr/
40068227 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rd/
30 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rmw/
500544450 ali_drw_40027080/perf_cycle/
1.000863258 seconds time elapsed
>>> 40070906*8*64/1000/1000.0
20516.303
numactl --cpubind=1 --membind=1 ./bw_mem 40960M rd
40960.00 20492.53
4.4 C0M0 fwr
# First, run bw_mem as backgroud workload
# numactl --cpubind=0 --membind=0 ./bw_mem 40960M fwr
# Then run perf command in another console
perf stat -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_21000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_21080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_23000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_23080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_25000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_25080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_27000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_27080/perf_cycle/ -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
42910737 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_wr/
108397 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rd/
495 ali_drw_21000/perf_hif_rmw/
500708510 ali_drw_21000/perf_cycle/
42911223 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_wr/
117280 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rd/
515 ali_drw_21080/perf_hif_rmw/
500706780 ali_drw_21080/perf_cycle/
42910038 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_wr/
109179 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rd/
516 ali_drw_23000/perf_hif_rmw/
500702100 ali_drw_23000/perf_cycle/
42911620 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_wr/
111038 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rd/
523 ali_drw_23080/perf_hif_rmw/
500697340 ali_drw_23080/perf_cycle/
42910435 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_wr/
111748 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rd/
469 ali_drw_25000/perf_hif_rmw/
500692500 ali_drw_25000/perf_cycle/
42908786 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_wr/
110177 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rd/
456 ali_drw_25080/perf_hif_rmw/
500686595 ali_drw_25080/perf_cycle/
42908903 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_wr/
114093 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rd/
490 ali_drw_27000/perf_hif_rmw/
500681405 ali_drw_27000/perf_cycle/
42908156 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_wr/
109668 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rd/
489 ali_drw_27080/perf_hif_rmw/
500676420 ali_drw_27080/perf_cycle/
1.001100811 seconds time elapsed
>>> (42908156+489)*8*64/1000/1000.0
21969.226
numactl --cpubind=0 --membind=0 ./bw_mem 40960M fwr
40960.00 21936.50
4.5 C1M1 fwr
# First, run bw_mem as backgroud workload
# numactl --cpubind=1 --membind=1 ./bw_mem 40960M fwr
# Then run perf command in another console
perf stat -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40021000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40021080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40023000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40023080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40025000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40025080/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40027000/perf_cycle/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_wr/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rd/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rmw/ -e ali_drw_40027080/perf_cycle/ -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
42906048 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_wr/
33939 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rd/
76 ali_drw_40021000/perf_hif_rmw/
500629355 ali_drw_40021000/perf_cycle/
42905967 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_wr/
34018 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rd/
63 ali_drw_40021080/perf_hif_rmw/
500631900 ali_drw_40021080/perf_cycle/
42905422 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_wr/
33843 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rd/
75 ali_drw_40023000/perf_hif_rmw/
500628540 ali_drw_40023000/perf_cycle/
42905547 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_wr/
33858 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rd/
68 ali_drw_40023080/perf_hif_rmw/
500623970 ali_drw_40023080/perf_cycle/
42905230 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_wr/
34028 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rd/
56 ali_drw_40025000/perf_hif_rmw/
500620630 ali_drw_40025000/perf_cycle/
42904734 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_wr/
34141 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rd/
61 ali_drw_40025080/perf_hif_rmw/
500615840 ali_drw_40025080/perf_cycle/
42903390 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_wr/
33712 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rd/
84 ali_drw_40027000/perf_hif_rmw/
500610635 ali_drw_40027000/perf_cycle/
42903975 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_wr/
33916 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rd/
106 ali_drw_40027080/perf_hif_rmw/
500606645 ali_drw_40027080/perf_cycle/
1.000953335 seconds time elapsed
>>> (42903975+106)*8*64/1000/1000.0
21966.889
#numactl --cpubind=1 --membind=1 ./bw_mem 40960M fwr
40960.00 21934.51
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DDR4（DDR4-SDRAM，即第4代DDR-SDRAM）作为当前电子系统架构中使用最为广泛的RAM存储器，其结构和寻址方式对于理解其高性能
PMU电源管理模块如何精妙布局与高效供电？
关乎电子系统性能与稳定性，尤其在复杂应用与严格性能要求下，设计的精确严谨性更显关键。
因此，探索并应用先进的PCB设计技术以增强PMU的可靠性，是应对设计挑战、促进设备性能跃升、延
发表于 06-07 17:43
PMU电源管理模块如何精妙布局与高效供电？
探索并应用先进的PCB设计技术以增强PMU的可靠性，是应对设计挑战、促进设备性能跃升、延长产品寿命及满足用户期望的必由之路。
飞天技术沙龙回顾：业务创新新选择，倚天Arm架构深入探讨
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4 月 30 日资讯，电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）发布的《Transactions on Cloud Computing》杂志显示，阿里云的倚天 710 处理器在 2021 年度被评为处理超级规模云数据库任务速度最快的 Arm 服务器芯片。
卓越性能与微型化技术的完美融合—高密度DDR4芯片
在现代电子系统的核心组件中，内存的性能与稳定性至关重要。高密度DDR4芯片作为当前内存技术的杰出代表，不仅凭借其卓越的性能表现和微型化技术赢得了广泛认可，还在多个方面展现出了独特的优势
TPS650864可配置多轨PMU适用于多核处理器、FPGA和系统的TPS650861可配置多轨PMU数据表
德赢Vwin官网
网站提供《TPS650864可配置多轨PMU适用于多核处理器、FPGA和系统的TPS650861可配置多轨PMU数据表.pdf》资料免费下载
发表于 03-07 09:06
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DshanMCU-R128s2 PMU 电源管理
PMU 功能简介 目前已支持的PMU 为：AXP2585。 该PMU 主要用于电池管理以及充电管理，主要有以下功能： 读取电池电量、电池温度。 设置充电时的充电电流，截止充电电压、充电超时等。 自动
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