基于OpenHarmony标准系统的C++公共基础类库案例：SafeMap
1、程序简介
该程序是基于OpenHarmony的C++公共基础类库的安全关联容器：SafeMap。
OpenHarmony提供了一个线程安全的map实现。SafeMap在STL map基础上封装互斥锁，以确保对map的操作安全。
本案例主要完成如下工作：
创建1个子线程，负责每秒调用EnsureInsert()插入元素；
创建1个子线程，负责每秒调用Insert()插入元素；
创建1个子线程，负责每秒调用Erase()删除元素；
创建1个子线程，负责每秒调用FindOldAndSetNew()替换元素的值；
主线程等待上述线程结束，Iterate()和Find()查看所有元素；
主线程等待上述线程结束，清空SafeMap，并调用IsEmpty()查看是否确实是空。
2、基础知识
C++公共基础类库为标准系统提供了一些常用的C++开发工具类，包括：
文件、路径、字符串相关操作的能力增强接口
安全数据容器、数据序列化等接口
各子系统的错误码相关定义
2.1、添加C++公共基础类库依赖
修改需调用模块的BUILD.gn，在external_deps或deps中添加如下：
ohos_shared_library("xxxxx") { ... external_deps = [ ... # 动态库依赖(可选) "c_utils:utils", # 静态库依赖(可选) "c_utils:utilsbase", # Rust动态库依赖(可选) "c_utils:utils_rust", ] ...}
一般而言，我们只需要填写"c_utils:utils"即可。
2.2、SafeMap头文件
C++公共基础类库的safemap头文件在：//commonlibrary/c_utils/base/include/safe_map.h
可在源代码中添加如下：
#include
2.3、OHOS::SafeMap接口说明
2.3.1、SafeMap
构造函数。
SafeMap();SafeMap(const SafeMap& rhs);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| rhs | SafeMap | 复制SafeMap的类对象 |
2.3.2、~SafeMap
析构函数。
~SafeMap();
2.3.3、Clear
删除map中存储的所有键值对。
void Clear();
2.3.4、EnsureInsert
在map中插入元素。
void EnsureInsert(const K& key, const V& value);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K | 需要插入元素的关键字 |
| value | V | 需要插入元素的值 |
2.3.5、Erase
删除map中键为key的键值对。
void Erase(const K& key);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K | 需要删除元素的关键字 |
2.3.6、Find
在map中查找元素。
bool Find(const K& key, V& value);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K | 需要查找元素的关键字 |
| value | V | 需要查找元素的值 |
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| bool | true表示成功，false表示失败 |
2.3.7、FindOldAndSetNew
在map中查找元素并将key对应的oldValue替换为newValue。
boolFindOldAndSetNew(constK&key,V&oldValue,constV&newValue);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K | 需要替换元素的关键字 |
| oldValue | V | 需要替换元素的原始值 |
| newValue | V | 需要替换元素的新值 |
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| bool | true表示成功，false表示失败 |
2.3.8、Insert
在map中插入新元素。
bool Insert(const K& key, const V& value);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K | 需要插入元素的关键字 |
| value | V | 需要插入元素的原始值 |
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| bool | true表示成功，false表示失败 |
2.3.9、IsEmpty
判断map是否为空。
bool IsEmpty();
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| bool | true表示空，false表示非空 |
2.3.10、Iterate
遍历map中的元素。
bool Iterate(const SafeMapCallBack& callback);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| callback | SafeMapCallBack | 遍历执行函数 |
2.3.11、operator=
SafeMap赋值。
SafeMap& operator=(const SafeMap& rhs);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| rhs | SafeMap& | 被赋值的SafeMap类对象 |
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| SafeMap | 赋值的SafeMap类对象 |
2.3.12、operator[]
SafeMap索引。
V& operator[](const K& key);
参数说明：
| 参数名称 | 类型 | 参数说明 |
|---|---|---|
| key | K& | 元素的关键字 |
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| V& | 返回元素的值 |
2.3.13、Size
获取map的size大小。
int Size();
返回值说明：
| 类型 | 返回值说明 |
|---|---|
| int | map的size大小 |
3、程序解析
3.1、创建编译引导
在上一级目录BUILD.gn文件添加一行编译引导语句。
import("//build/ohos.gni")
group("samples") { deps = [ "a26_utils_safemap:utils_safemap", # 添加该行 ]}
"a26_utils_safemap:utils_safemap",该行语句表示引入 参与编译。
3.2、创建编译项目
创建a26_utils_safemap目录，并添加如下文件：
a26_utils_safemap├── utils_safemap_sample.cpp # .cpp源代码├── BUILD.gn # GN文件
3.3、创建BUILD.gn
编辑BUILD.gn文件。
import("//build/ohos.gni")ohos_executable("utils_safemap") { sources = [ "utils_safemap_sample.cpp" ] include_dirs = [ "//commonlibrary/c_utils/base/include", "//commonlibrary/c_utils/base:utils", "//third_party/googletest:gtest_main", "//third_party/googletest/googletest/include" ] external_deps = [ "c_utils:utils" ] part_name = "product_rk3568" install_enable = true}
注意：
（1）BUILD.gn中所有的TAB键必须转化为空格，否则会报错。如果自己不知道如何规范化，可以：
# 安装gn工具sudo apt-get install ninja-buildsudo apt install generate-ninja# 规范化BUILD.gngn format BUILD.gn
3.4、创建源代码
3.4.1、创建SafeMap
#include // SafeMap的头文件
// 定义SafeMap变量static OHOS::SafeMap
3.4.2、创建线程池并设置
int main(int argc, char **argv){ OHOS::ThreadPool threads("name_rwlock_threads"); string str_name; ...... threads.SetMaxTaskNum(128); threads.Start(4); ......}
3.4.3、启动4个子线程，并等待结束
调用AddTask()添加子线程，并调用Stop()等待所有子进程结束。
// 开启子线程，使用EnsureInsert插入元素str_name = "Thread_EnsureInsert";auto task_ensure_insert = std::bind(map_ensure_insert, str_name);threads.AddTask(task_ensure_insert);
// 开启子线程，使用Insert插入元素str_name = "Thread_Insert";auto task_insert = std::bind(map_insert, str_name);threads.AddTask(task_insert);
// 开启子线程，使用erase删除元素str_name = "Thread_Erase";auto task_erase = std::bind(map_erase, str_name);threads.AddTask(task_erase);
// 开启子线程，使用FindOldAndSetNew替换元素的值str_name = "Thread_FindOldAndSetNew";auto task_findold_and_setnew = std::bind(map_findold_and_setnew, str_name);threads.AddTask(task_findold_and_setnew);
// 设置结束，并等待结束threads.Stop();cout << "Threads Stop" << endl;
3.4.4、编写SafeMap.EnsureInsert()插入元素
void map_ensure_insert(const string& name){ int key = 0; string value = ""; for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map1_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map1_insert[i].key; value = m_map1_insert[i].str; m_safemap.EnsureInsert(key, value); cout << name << ": insert successful and key = " << key << " and value = " << value << endl; sleep(1); }}
3.4.5、编写SafeMap.Insert()插入元素
void map_insert(const string& name){ int key = 0; string value = ""; for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map2_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map2_insert[i].key; value = m_map2_insert[i].str; if (m_safemap.Insert(key, value) == false) { cout << name << ": insert failed and key = " << to_string(key) << " and value = " << value << endl; } else { cout << name << ": insert successful and key = " << to_string(key) << " and value = " << value << endl; } sleep(1); }}
3.4.6、编写SafeMap.Erase()删除元素
void map_erase(const string& name){ int key = 0; string value = ""; for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map2_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map2_insert[i].key; m_safemap.Erase(key); cout << name << ": Erase successful and key = " << to_string(key) << endl; sleep(1); }}
3.4.7、编写SafeMap.FindOldAndSetNew()替换元素的值
void map_findold_and_setnew(const string& name){ int key = 0; string old_value = ""; string new_value = ""; for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map1_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map1_reset[i].key; old_value = ""; new_value = m_map1_reset[i].str; if (m_safemap.FindOldAndSetNew(key, old_value, new_value) == false) { cout << name << ": FindOldAndSetNew failed and key = " << to_string(key) << " and old_value = " << old_value << endl; } else { cout << name << ": FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = " << to_string(key) << " and old_value = " << old_value << " and new_value = " << new_value << endl; } sleep(1); }}
3.4.8、编写枚举所有元素
主要分为如下两种方法：
（1）调用SafeMap.Iterate()
void map_iterate_print(const int key, string& value){ cout << "key = " << to_string(key) << ", value = " << value << endl;}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ ...... cout << "SafeMap Iterate: " << endl; m_safemap.Iterate(map_iterate_print); ......}
（2）调用SafeMap.Find()
void map_find_print(){ int key = 0; string value = ""; for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map1_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map1_insert[i].key; value = ""; if (m_safemap.Find(key, value)) { cout << "key = " << to_string(key) << ", value = " << value << endl; } } for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(m_map2_insert) / sizeof(struct MapInfo)); i++) { key = m_map2_insert[i].key; value = ""; if (m_safemap.Find(key, value)) { cout << "key = " << to_string(key) << ", value = " << value << endl; } }}
3.4.9、清空SafeMap
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ ...... cout << "SafeMap Clear" << endl; m_safemap.Clear(); cout << "SafeMap IsEmpty: " << m_safemap.IsEmpty() << endl; ......}
4、编译步骤
进入OpenHarmony编译环境，运行命令：
hb build -f
5、运行结果
# utils_safemapThread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 1 and value = aaaThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = Thread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 1 and old_value = aaa and new_value = abc101Thread_Insert: insert successful and key = 101 and value = 111Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = Thread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 2 and old_value = bbb and new_value = bcdThread_Insert: insert successful and key = 102 and value = 2222 and value = bbb
Thread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 102Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 3 and value = cccThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 3 and old_value = ccc and new_value = cdeThread_Insert: insert successful and key = 103 and value = 333Thread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 103Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 4 and value = dddThread_Insert: insert successful and key = 104Thread_FindOldAndSetNew and value = : FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 4444 and old_value = ddd and new_value = def
Thread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 104Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 5 and value = eeeThread_Insert: insert successful and key = 105 and value = 555Thread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 5 and old_value = eee and new_value = efgThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 105Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 6 and value = fffThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 6 and old_value = fff and new_value = fghThread_Insert: insert successful and key = 106 and value = 666Thread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 106Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 7 and value = gggThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 7 and old_value = ggg and new_value = ghiThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 107Thread_Insert: insert successful and key = 107 and value = 777Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 8 and value = hhhThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 8 and old_value = hhh and new_value = hijThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 108Thread_Insert: insert successful and key = 108 and value = 888Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 9 and value = iiiThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 9 and old_value = iii and new_value = ijkThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 109Thread_Insert: insert successful and key = 109 and value = 999Thread_EnsureInsert: insert successful and key = 10 and value = jjjThread_FindOldAndSetNew: FindOldAndSetNew successful and key = 10 and old_value = jjj and new_value = jklThread_Erase: Erase successful and key = 110Thread_Insert: insert successful and key = 110 and value = 000Threads StopSafeMap Iterate:key = 1, value = abckey = 2, value = bcdkey = 3, value = cdekey = 4, value = defkey = 5, value = efgkey = 6, value = fghkey = 7, value = ghikey = 8, value = hijkey = 9, value = ijkkey = 10, value = jklkey = 108, value = 888key = 109, value = 999key = 110, value = 000SafeMap Find:key = 1, value = abckey = 2, value = bcdkey = 3, value = cdekey = 4, value = defkey = 5, value = efgkey = 6, value = fghkey = 7, value = ghikey = 8, value = hijkey = 9, value = ijkkey = 10, value = jklkey = 108, value = 888key = 109, value = 999key = 110, value = 000SafeMap ClearSafeMap IsEmpty: 1#
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