怎样用4X4键盘和ArduinoUno制作Arduino计算器

电子说

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描述

电路图和说明

4X4键盘有8个引脚需要连接到从D2到D9的Arduino引脚,如下所示:

计算器

然后,将LCD连接到Arduino,如下所示:

计算器

除了数字按钮之外的按钮将执行以下任务:

‘A’用于添加

‘B’用于减法

‘C’用于清除

‘D’用于划分

‘*’用于乘法

完整的电路图如下所示。

Arduino计算器图。

代码细分和演练

我们来看看查看该项目所需的代码以及每个代码段的作用。

首先,您需要为键盘和I2C LCD显示添加库。使用的LCD显示器通过I2C通信与UNO配合使用,因此使用允许在Arduino上进行I2C通信的线程库。

然后,按照4X4键盘的引脚连接和键盘的说明进行操作按钮执行操作。

#include

#include

#include

const byte ROWS = 4;

const byte COLS = 4;

char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {

{‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘+’},

{‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘-’},

{‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘C’},

{‘*’, ‘0’, ‘=’, ‘/’}

};

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {9, 8, 7, 6};

byte colPins[COLS] = {5, 4, 3, 2};

在设置功能中,显示屏将显示“MakerPro的Arduino计算器”。

lcd.begin();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(“Arduino Calculator”);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“by MakerPro”);

delay(1000);

scrollDisplay();

clr();

在循环功能中,我们先来得到按下的键然后我们需要检查按下的键是否是数字键。如果是数字,则它将存储在firstNum字符串中。

char newKey = myKeypad.getKey();

if (newKey != NO_KEY && (newKey == ‘1’ || newKey == ‘2’ || newKey == ‘3’ || newKey == ‘4’ || newKey == ‘5’ || newKey == ‘6’ || newKey == ‘7’ || newKey == ‘8’ || newKey == ‘9’ || newKey == ‘0’)) {

if (firstNumState == true) {

firstNum = firstNum + newKey;

lcd.print(newKey);

}

else {

secondNum = secondNum + newKey;

lcd.print(newKey);

}

如果按下的键不是数字,请检查是否为‘+’,‘ - ’,‘/’,‘*’(在thekeypad上,这些键是‘A’,‘B’,‘D’,‘*’)。如果它来自这些键,我们将存储稍后将使用的值。它还会将firstNum设置为false,这意味着我们现在将得到第二个数字。

现在,其他数值将存储在secondNum字符串中。

if (newKey != NO_KEY && (newKey == ‘+’ || newKey == ‘-’ || newKey == ‘*’ || newKey == ‘/’)) {

if (firstNumState == true) {

operatr = newKey;

firstNumState = false;

lcd.setCursor(15, 0);

lcd.print(operatr);

lcd.setCursor(5, 1);

}

}

最后,我们设置它,所以如果按下的键不是来自操作键,它将检查它是否是‘=’。如果是这个键,那么它将对第一个和第二个数字执行存储操作并输出结果。

设置完代码后,计算器将能够执行方程式。

if (newKey != NO_KEY && newKey == ‘=’) {

if (operatr == ‘+’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() + secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘-’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() - secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘*’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() * secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘/’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() / secondNum.toFloat();

}

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(firstNum);

lcd.print(operatr);

lcd.print(secondNum);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“=”);

lcd.print(result);

firstNumState = true;

}

And if the key will be ‘C’, then it will clear the display screen.

if (newKey != NO_KEY && newKey == ‘C’) {

clr();

}

完整计算器项目代码

#include

#include

#include

const byte ROWS = 4;

const byte COLS = 4;

char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {

{‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘+’},

{‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘-’},

{‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘C’},

{‘*’, ‘0’, ‘=’, ‘/’}

};

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {9, 8, 7, 6};

byte colPins[COLS] = {5, 4, 3, 2};

// Created instances

Keypad myKeypad = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS);

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

boolean firstNumState = true;

String firstNum = “”;

String secondNum = “”;

float result = 0.0;

char operatr = ‘ ’;

void setup() {

lcd.begin();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(“Arduino Calculator”);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“by MakerPro”);

delay(1000);

scrollDisplay();

clr();

}

void loop() {

char newKey = myKeypad.getKey();

if (newKey != NO_KEY && (newKey == ‘1’ || newKey == ‘2’ || newKey == ‘3’ || newKey == ‘4’ || newKey == ‘5’ || newKey == ‘6’ || newKey == ‘7’ || newKey == ‘8’ || newKey == ‘9’ || newKey == ‘0’)) {

if (firstNumState == true) {

firstNum = firstNum + newKey;

lcd.print(newKey);

}

else {

secondNum = secondNum + newKey;

lcd.print(newKey);

}

}

if (newKey != NO_KEY && (newKey == ‘+’ || newKey == ‘-’ || newKey == ‘*’ || newKey == ‘/’)) {

if (firstNumState == true) {

operatr = newKey;

firstNumState = false;

lcd.setCursor(15, 0);

lcd.print(operatr);

lcd.setCursor(5, 1);

}

}

if (newKey != NO_KEY && newKey == ‘=’) {

if (operatr == ‘+’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() + secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘-’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() - secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘*’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() * secondNum.toFloat();

}

if (operatr == ‘/’) {

result = firstNum.toFloat() / secondNum.toFloat();

}

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(firstNum);

lcd.print(operatr);

lcd.print(secondNum);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“=”);

lcd.print(result);

firstNumState = true;

}

if (newKey != NO_KEY && newKey == ‘C’) {

clr();

}

}

void scrollDisplay() {

// scroll 13 positions (string length) to the left

// to move it offscreen left:

for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter 《 3; positionCounter++) {

// scroll one position left:

lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();

// wait a bit:

delay(300);

}

delay(1000);

// scroll 29 positions (string length + display length) to the right

// to move it offscreen right:

for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter 《 3; positionCounter++) {

// scroll one position right:

lcd.scrollDisplayRight();

// wait a bit:

delay(300);

}

delay(2000);

}

void clr() {

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(“1st: ”);

lcd.setCursor(12, 0);

lcd.print(“op ”);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(“2nd: ”);

lcd.setCursor(5, 0);

firstNum = “”;

secondNum = “”;

result = 0;

operatr = ‘ ’;

}

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