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Table of Contents
EVALUATING THE AD9257/AD9637 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS
Preface
This user guide describes the AD9257 and AD9637 evaluation boards, AD9257-65EBZ and AD9637-80EBZ, which provide the support circuitry required to operate these parts in their various modes and configurations. The application software used to interface with the devices is also described.
Though the information on this page applies generally to the currently released version of the AD9257-65EBZ and AD9637-80EBZ, the specifics (i.e. photos, jumper labels, etc.) are for the not-yet-released version. Information specifically for the released version can be found here quickstartguide_ad9257_ad9637_prb.pdf.
The AD9257 and AD9637 data sheets provide additional information and should be consulted when using the evaluation board. All documents and software tools are available at www.analog.com/hsadcevalboard. For additional information or questions, send an email to highspeed.converters@analog.com.
Typical Measurement Setup
Figure 1. Evaluation Board Connection—AD9257-65EBZ or AD9637-80EBZ (on Left) and HSC-ADC-EVALCZ (on Right)
Features
- SPI interface for setup and control
- External, on-board oscillator, or AD9517 clocking option
- Balun/transformer or amplifier input drive option
- On-board LDO regulator or switching regulator, needing a single external 6V, 2A dc supply
- VisualAnalog® and SPI controller software interfaces
Helpful Documents
- High speed ADC FIFO evaluation kit (HSC-ADC-EVALCZ)
- AN-905 Application Note, VisualAnalog Converter Evaluation Tool Version 1.0 User Manual
- AN-878 Application Note, High Speed ADC SPI Control Software
- AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI
- AN-835 Application Note, Understanding ADC Testing and Evaluation
Design and Integration Files
Equipment Needed
- Analog signal source and antialiasing filter
- Sample clock source (if not using the on-board oscillator)
- Two switching power supplies (6.0V, 2.5A), CUI EPS060250UH-PHP-SZ provided
- PC running Windows®
- USB 2.0 port
- AD9257-65EBZ or AD9637-80EBZ board
- HSC-ADC-EVALCZ FPGA-based data capture kit
Getting Started
This section provides quick start procedures for using the AD9257-65EBZ or AD9637-80EBZ board. Both the default and optional ADC settings are described.
Configuring the Board
Before using the software for testing, configure the evaluation board as follows:
- Connect the evaluation board to the data capture board, as shown in Figure 1.
- Connect one 6V, 2.5A switching power supply (such as the CUI, Inc., EPS060250UH-PHP-SZ that is supplied) to the AD9257-65EBZ or AD9637-80EBZ.
- Connect one 6V, 2.5A switching power supply (such as the supplied CUI EPS060250UH-PHP-SZ) to the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ board.
- Connect the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ board (J6) to the PC using a USB cable.
- On the ADC evaluation board, confirm that the jumpers are installed as shown in Figure 2.
- On the ADC evaluation board, use a clean signal generator with low phase noise to provide an input signal to the desired channel(s). Use a shielded, RG-58, 50Ω coaxial cable (optimally 1 m or shorter) to connect the signal generator. For best results, use a narrow-band, band-pass filter with 50Ω terminations and an appropriate center frequency. (Analog Devices, Inc. uses TTE, Allen Avionics, and K&L band-pass filters.)
Evaluation Board Hardware
The evaluation board provides the support circuitry required to operate the AD9257 and AD9637 in their various modes and configurations. Figure 1 shows the typical bench characterization setup used to evaluate AC performance. It is critical that the signal sources used for the analog input and clock have very low phase noise (ideally ~100 fs rms jitter) to realize the optimum performance of the signal chain. Proper filtering of the analog input signal to remove harmonics and lower the integrated or broadband noise at the input is necessary to achieve the specified noise performance.
See AD9257/9637 Design Support
Power Supplies
This evaluation board comes with a wall-mountable switching power supply that provides a 6V, 2A maximum output. Connect the supply to a 100V ac to 240V ac, 47Hz to 63Hz wall outlet. The output from the supply is provided through a 2.1mm inner diameter jack that connects to the printed circuit board (PCB) at P101. The 6V supply is fused and conditioned on the PCB before connecting to the low dropout linear regulators that supply the proper bias to each of the various sections on the board.
The evaluation board can be powered in a nondefault condition using external bench power supplies. To do this, remove the E101, E102, E104, E105, E111, E112, E113, E114, E115 and E116 ferrite beads to disconnect the bench supply traces from the on-board LDOs. Note that in some board configurations some of these might already be uninstalled. P102 and P103 need to be installed to connect external bench supplies to the board. E106, E107, E108 and E109 need to be populated to connect P102 and P103 to the board power domains. A 1.8V , 0.5A supply is needed for 1.8V_DUT_AVDD and 1.8V_DRVDD. Although the voltage requirements are the same for 1.8V_DUT_AVDD and 1.8V_DRVDD, it is recommended that separate supplies be used for each of these.
Two additional supplies, 5.0V_AVDD and 3.3V_AVDD, are used to bias the optional input path amplifiers and optional AD9517-4 clock chip. If used, these supplies should each have at least 0.5A current capability.
Input Signals
When connecting the ADC clock and analog source, use clean signal generators with low phase noise, such as the Rohde & Schwarz SMA, or an equivalent. Use a shielded, RG-58, 50Ω coaxial cable (optimally 1 m or shorter) for connecting to the evaluation board. Enter the desired frequency and amplitude (see the Specifications section in the data sheet of the respective part). When connecting the analog input source, use of a multipole, narrow-band band-pass filter with 50Ω terminations is recommended. Analog Devices uses band-pass filters from TTE and K&L Microwave, Inc. Connect the filters directly to the evaluation board.
If an external clock source is used, it should also be supplied with a clean signal generator as previously specified for the analog input signals. Analog Devices evaluation boards typically can accept ~2.8V p-p or 13 dBm sine wave input for the clock. If an external off-board clock source is used, remove the jumper on P601, and C1109, to disable and disconnect the on-board crystal oscillator.
Output Signals
The default setup uses the Analog Devices high speed converter evaluation platform (HSC-ADC-EVALCZ) for data capture. The serial LVDS outputs from the ADC are routed to Connector P1302 using 100Ω differential traces. For more information on the data capture board and its optional settings, visit www.analog.com/hsadcevalboard.
Jumper Settings
Set the jumper settings/link options on the evaluation board for the required operating modes before powering on the board. The functions of the jumpers are described in Table 1. Figure 2 shows the default jumper settings.
Table 1. Jumper Settings
| Jumper | Description |
|---|---|
| J203 | Use this jumper to power down the ADC. Using the SPI, the PDWN pin can be configured to be STBY (standby). |
| J1001 and J1002 | These jumpers enable the optional ADL5565 amplifiers on Channels G and H, respectively. Connect pin 2 to pin 3 for default (amplifier disabled) operation. |
| J301 | This jumper sets the ADC for SPI communications with the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ. Connect Pin 1 to Pin 2 for SDIO, Pin 4 to Pin 5 for SCLK, and Pin 8 to Pin 9 for CSB. |
| J1103 | This jumper enables the on-board crystal oscillator. Remove this jumper if an external off-board clock source is used. |
| J202 | This jumper selects between internal VREF and external VREF. To choose the internal 1V reference, connect Pin 3 (DUT_SENSE) to Pin 5 (GND). To use the on-board ADR130 1V reference, connect Pin 2 (DUT_SENSE) to Pin 1 (AVDD), and connect Pin 4 (DUT_VREF) to Pin 6 (EXT_REF). To apply a reference voltage from an external off-board source, connect Pin 2 (DUT_SENSE) to Pin 1 (AVDD) and apply the reference voltage to Pin 4 (DUT_VREF). The AD9257 and AD9637 reference voltage is specified to be 1.0 V. |
| P1201 | Header to observe AD9517 (optional clock generator) Digital Lock Detect pins. |
Figure 2. Default Jumper Connections for AD9257-65EBZ/AD9637-80EBZ Board
Evaluation Board Circuitry
This section explains the default and optional ADC settings or modes allowed on the AD9257-65EBZ and the AD9637-80EBZ boards.
Power
Connect the switching power supply that is supplied in the evaluation kit between a rated 100V ac to 240V ac, 47Hz to 63Hz wall outlet and P101.
Analog Input
The eight channel inputs on the evaluation board are set up for a double balun-coupled analog input with a 50Ω impedance. The default analog input configuration supports analog input frequencies of up to ~200 MHz.
RBIAS
RBIAS has a default setting of 10 kΩ (R205) to ground and is used to set the ADC core bias current. Note that using a resistor value other than a 10kΩ, 1% resistor for RBIAS may degrade the performance of the device.
Clock
The default clock input circuit is derived from a simple transformer-coupled circuit using a high bandwidth 1:1 impedance ratio transformer (T1101) that adds a low amount of jitter to the clock path. The clock input is 50 Ω terminated and ac-coupled to handle single-ended sinusoidal inputs. The transformer converts the single-ended input to a differential signal that is clipped by CR1101 before entering the ADC clock inputs. The AD9257 and AD9637 ADCs are equipped with an internal 8:1 clock divider to facilitate usage with higher frequency clocks. When using the internal divider and a higher input clock frequency, remove CR1101 to preserve the slew rate of the clock signal.
The AD9257-65EBZ and AD9637-80EBZ boards are set up to be clocked through the transformer-coupled input network from the crystal oscillator, Y1101. If a different clock source is desired, remove C1109 (optional) and Jumper J1103 to disable the oscillator from running and connect the external clock source to the SMA connector, J1102 (labeled CLK+).
Modes of Operation
Standalone (PIN) Mode
The AD9257/AD9637 ADCs can operate in pin mode if there is no need to program and change the default modes of operation via the SPI. For applications that do not require SPI mode operation, the CSB pin is tied to 1.8V_DUT_AVDD by removing any jumper on Pin 8 of J301. In this configuration the SDIO/DFS pin controls the digital output format, and the SCLK/DTP pin controls the digital output test pattern. Table 2 and Table 3 specify the settings for pin mode operation.
Table 2. Digital Output Format Pin Settings
| SDIO/DFS (J301 Pin 2) Voltage | Device Mode |
|---|---|
| 1.8V_DUT_AVDD (jumper J301 Pin 2 to Pin 3) | Twos Complement |
| GND (“float” J301 Pin 2) | Offset Binary |
Table 3. Digital Test Pattern Pin Settings
| SCLK/DTP (J301 Pin 5) Voltage | Output Format |
|---|---|
| GND (“float” J301 Pin 5) | Normal Operation |
| 1.8V_DUT_AVDD (jumper J301 Pin 5 to Pin 6) | 10 0000 0000 0000 |
Note that the above settings only apply when CSB is tied high (J301 Pin 8 “floating”) at power up.
Additional information on the Standalone (PIN) Mode is provided in the AD9257 and AD9637 data sheets.
Default Mode
To operate the device under test (DUT) using the SPI, follow the jumper settings for J301 as shown in Table 1.
How To Use The Software For Testing
Setting up the ADC Data Capture
After configuring the board, set up the ADC data capture using the following steps:
- Open VisualAnalog on the connected PC. The appropriate part type should be listed in the status bar of the VisualAnalog – New Canvas window. Select the template that corresponds to the type of testing to be performed (see Figure 3, where the AD9257 is shown as an example).
Figure 3. VisualAnalog, New Canvas Window
- After the template is selected, a message might appear asking if the default configuration can be used to program the FPGA (see Figure 4). If this message appears, click Yes, and the window closes.
Figure 4. VisualAnalog Default Configuration Message
- To change features to settings other than the default settings, click the Expand Display button, located on the bottom right corner of the window (see Figure 5), to see what is shown in Figure 6.
- Change the features and capture settings by consulting the detailed instructions in the AN-905 Application Note, VisualAnalog Converter Evaluation Tool Version 1.0 User Manual. After the changes are made to the capture settings, click the Collapse Display button.
Figure 5. VisualAnalog Window Toolbar, Collapsed Display
Figure 6. VisualAnalog, Main Window Expanded Display
Evaluation And Test
Setting up the SPI Controller Software
After the ADC data capture board setup is complete, set up the SPI controller software using the following procedure:
- Open the SPI controller software by going to the Start menu or by double-clicking the SPIController software desktop icon. If prompted for a configuration file, select the appropriate one. If not, check the title bar of the window to determine which configuration is loaded. If necessary, choose Cfg Open from the File menu and select the appropriate file based on your part type. Note that the CHIP ID(1) box should be filled to indicate whether the correct SPI controller configuration file is loaded (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. SPI Controller, CHIP ID(1) Box
- Click the New DUT button in the SPIController window (see Figure 8)
Figure 8. SPI Controller, New DUT Button
- In the ADCBase 0 tab of the SPIController window, find the CLOCK DIVIDE(B) box (see Figure 9), and the MODES(8) box (see Figure 10). If using the clock divider, use the drop-down box to select the correct clock divide ratio, if necessary. If there is any interruption of the ADC clock during power-up or during operation, a Digital Reset may be needed to re-initialize the ADC (Figure 10). For additional information, refer to the data sheet, the AN-878 Application Note, High Speed ADC SPI Control Software, and the AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI.
Figure 9. SPI Controller, CLOCK DIVIDE(B) Box
Figure 10. SPI Controller, Chip Power Mode - Digital Reset Selection
- Note that other settings can be changed on the ADCBase 0 tab (see Figure 9) and the ADC A through ADC H tabs (see Figure 11) to set up the part in the desired mode. The ADCBase 0 tab settings affect the entire part, whereas the settings on the ADC A through ADC H tabs each affect the selected channel only. See the appropriate part data sheet, the AN-878 Application Note, High Speed ADC SPI Control Software, and the AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI, for additional information on the available settings.
Figure 11. SPI Controller, Example ADC A Page
- Click the Run or Continuous Run button in the VisualAnalog toolbar (see Figure 12).
Figure 12. Run/Continuous Run Buttons (Encircled in Red) in VisualAnalog Toolbar, Collapsed Display
Adjusting the Amplitude of the Input Signal
The next step is to adjust the amplitude of the input signal for each channel as follows:
- Adjust the amplitude of the input signal so that the fundamental is at the desired level. Examine the Fund Power reading in the left panel of the VisualAnalog Graph - AD9257 FFT window (see Figure 13).
Figure 13. Graph Window of VisualAnalog
- Repeat this procedure for the other channels, if desired
- Click the floppy-disk icon within the VisualAnalog Graph - AD9257 FFT window to save the performance data as a .csv formatted file for plotting or analysis.
Troubleshooting Tips
Lack of SPI communication will cause difficulty in configuring the ADC.
- Go to the Global tab of the SPIController window and push the Read button in the GENERIC READ/WRITE window. This will read the contents of ADC register 0x00. If SPI communication is working properly and the ADC is powered up, the value 0x18 hexadecimal will appear. If the contents show 0x00, the ADC is not powered up or SPI communication is not working.
- Check that there is correct power to the AD9257-65EBZ or AD9637-80EBZ board, and to the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ.
- Check that the USB cable is properly connected from the PC to the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ.
- The LED on the VisualAnalog ADCDataCapture block should be green. If it is red, push the USB button on the same block to refresh the connection.
If the FFT plot appears abnormal, do the following:
- If you see an abnormal noise floor, go to the ADCBase0 tab of the SPIController window and toggle the Chip Power Mode in MODES(8) from Chip Run to Reset and back.
- If you see a normal noise floor when you disconnect the signal generator from the analog input, be sure that you are not overdriving the ADC. Reduce the input level, if necessary.
- In VisualAnalog, click the Settings icon in the Input Formatter block. Check that Number Format is set to the correct encoding (twos complement by default). Check that the Number Format in the VisualAnalog Input Formatter matches the data format selected in the SPIController ADCBase0 OUTPUT MODE(14) window. Repeat for the other channels.
If the FFT appears normal but the performance is poor, check the following:
- Make sure that an appropriate filter is used on the analog input.
- Make sure that the signal generators for the clock and the analog input are clean (low phase noise).
- Change the analog input frequency slightly if noncoherent sampling is being used.
- Make sure that the SPI configuration file matches the product being evaluated.
If the FFT window remains blank after Run in VisualAnalog (see Figure 12) is clicked, do the following:
- Make sure that the evaluation board is securely connected to the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ board.
- Make sure that the FPGA has been programmed by verifying that the DONE LED is illuminated on the HSC-ADC-EVALCZ board. If this LED is not illuminated, make sure that the U4 switch on the board is in the correct position for USB CONFIG.
- Make sure that the correct FPGA program was installed by clicking the Settings icon in the ADC Data Capture block in VisualAnalog. Then select the FPGA tab and verify that the proper FPGA bin file is selected for the part.
If VisualAnalog indicates that the FIFO Capture timed out, do the following:
- Make sure that all power and USB connections are secure.
- Probe the DCO signal at P802 (Pin A10 and/or Pin B10) on the evaluation board, and confirm that a clock signal is present at the ADC sampling rate.
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