1 【Linux编程】如何使用gcc编译源代码时输出map文件？-德赢Vwin官网 网

【Linux编程】如何使用gcc编译源代码时输出map文件？

嵌入式物联网开发 2022-08-15 8218

嵌入式物联网开发

112 文章 38.7w阅读 76粉丝

描述

​

熟悉Linux环境编程的童鞋，对gcc一定不是很陌生，它可以高效地将C/C++代码编译成可执行文件。在嵌入式开发领域，gcc更是无比的强大，采用不同编译平台的gcc编译器，对应地就可以生成该平台的bin文件。由于gcc功能强大，在编译Linux内核时，gcc会是编译器的首选。

熟悉编译原理的童鞋对map文件一定很熟悉，但若是平时对底层编译不是很清晰，或者主要开发工作集中在应用层的童鞋，可能对其了解就神乎其微了。这个时候，你就需要好好阅读本文，了解下map文件了。本文要给大家分享生成map文件的方法，后续笔者会再写相关的文章介绍map文件的具体内容。

假设我们有以下的测试源码，功能很简单：

#include 

static int test_function(int arg)
{
    printf("This is a function called: %s\n", __func__);
    return arg;
}

int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
    test_function(0);
    return 0;
}
编译

通常我们要得到可执行文件，我们会输入编译命令：

gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c
编译

得到输出结果，测试如下：

编译

运行结果完全符合我们的期望，编译命令完成后，在当前目录下，生成了gcc_create_map_file这个可执行文件。

但是，如果我们要编译输出可执行文件的同时，也得到可执行文件对应的map文件呢？我们可以这样输入编译命令：

gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c -Wl,-Map=gcc.map

 

测试输出，完全没有问题：

编译编译

​编辑

我们对比2个编译命令可以发现，其实就是在原编译命令的后面加上了 "-Wl,-Map=gcc.map"；其中-Wl，是告诉gcc编译器，这个是ld的选项参数；而-Map=xxx.map就是指定map文件输出的文件名称，这个名称xxx可以随意定义，map文件的路径可以是相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。以下就是map文件的详细内容，后续会有文章对它进行详细分析，现在大家先有个感官认识。

Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol)

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
                              /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o (__libc_csu_init)

Discarded input sections

 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

Memory Configuration

Name             Origin             Length             Attributes
*default*        0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff

Linker script and memory map

LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o
LOAD /tmp/cc6AliJG.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
START GROUP
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
LOAD /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
END GROUP
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o
LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
                [!provide]                        PROVIDE (__executable_start, 0x400000)
                0x0000000000400238                . = (0x400000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS)

.interp         0x0000000000400238       0x1c
 *(.interp)
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 *(.note.gnu.build-id)
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.gnu.version_d  0x0000000000400360        0x0
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 *(.gnu_debuglink)
 *(.gnu.lto_*)
OUTPUT(gcc_create_map_file elf64-x86-64)

 

好了，本文对使用gcc生成map文件的方法就介绍到这里了，如有疑问的话，可以与博主联系哦。

​　　审核编辑：汤梓红

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